Sanford C. Bernstein Limited (registered in England and Wales under company number 3760267) is authorised and regulated in the United Kingdom by the Financial Conduct Authority and registered in the Financial Services Register (at http://www.fca.org.uk/register/ ) under the number 191115. The company has its registered office at 50 Berkeley Street, London W1J 8SB and is registered for value added tax under VAT number 577714012.

Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC, is a broker-dealer registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, with its offices at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105 ~ 212-756-4400. Member, New York Stock Exchange, FINRA, SIPC.

Sanford C. Bernstein (Hong Kong) Limited 盛博香港有限公司 is licensed and regulated in Hong Kong by the Securities and Futures Commission (Central Entity No. AXC846). It is incorporated in Hong Kong with limited liability, and has its registered office at 39th Floor, One Island East, Taikoo Place, 18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.

Sanford C. Bernstein in Singapore operates as a unit of AllianceBernstein (Singapore) Ltd. which is a licensed entity under the Securities and Futures Act and registered with Company Registration No. 199703364C. AllianceBernstein (Singapore) Ltd. is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, and has its office at One Raffles Quay, #27-11 South Tower, Singapore 048583. The business name “Bernstein” is registered under business registration number 53193989L.

Sanford C. Bernstein (India) Private Limited is a private limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013, on April 12, 2017 bearing corporate identification number U65999MH2017FTC293762 and is licensed and regulated by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) as Research Analyst entity with registration no. INH000006378 and as Stock Broker with registration no: INZ000213537. It has its registered office at Level 6, 4 North Avenue, Maker Maxity, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai 400051, Maharashtra, India (Phone No: +91-22-68421401).

Sanford C. Bernstein Ireland Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. The registered office is located at 4 Earlsfort Terrace, D02 E024, Dublin, Ireland. The company registered number is 627809.

On and as of April 1, 2019, AllianceBernstein L.P. acquired Autonomous Research. As a result of the acquisition, the research activities formerly conducted by Autonomous Research US LP have been assumed by Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC, which will continue to publish research under the Autonomous Research US brand and the research activities formerly conducted by Autonomous Research Asia Limited have been assumed by Sanford C. Bernstein (Hong Kong) Limited 盛博香港有限公司, which will continue to publish research under the Autonomous Research Asia brand. As part of the acquisition, AllianceBernstein L.P. also acquired Autonomous Research LLP, which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom (500498) and registered in England and Wales No. OC343985, and will continue to conduct research activities under the Autonomous brand. For more information about Autonomous, please go to https://www.autonomous.com/.

Copyright , Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC, Sanford C. Bernstein Limited, Sanford C. Bernstein (Hong Kong) Limited 盛博香港有限公司, Sanford C. Bernstein (India) Private Limited, Autonomous Research LLP, and AllianceBernstein (Singapore) Ltd., subsidiaries of AllianceBernstein L.P. All rights reserved.